2.inventories:2.2.counterparts:2.2.1.alternations
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2.inventories:2.2.counterparts:2.2.1.alternations [2021-08-05] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | 2.inventories:2.2.counterparts:2.2.1.alternations [2021-08-17] (current) – László Fejes | ||
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^ R%%|%%T | — | — | — | — | 1/1 | — | **1,**0/3 | ? | — | — | **5,**3/1| — | | ^ R%%|%%T | — | — | — | — | 1/1 | — | **1,**0/3 | ? | — | — | **5,**3/1| — | | ||
- | The formula // | + | <fs smaller> |
+ | F/B: front/back harmony\\ | ||
+ | R|T: rounding, total harmony\\ | ||
+ | —: not applicable | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | The formula // | ||
Long variants of alternating pairs in parentheses, | Long variants of alternating pairs in parentheses, | ||
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; Erzya | ; Erzya | ||
- | : o : e (There are no vowels differing only in F/B. If we ignore the difference in liability, /i/ and /u/ could be a potential alternating pair, but /u/ is practically prohibited in non-initial syllables, and /i/ occurs most of the time in verbal suffixes. An alternative analysis could be: o : e *u : (*)i.) | + | : **o : e** (There are no vowels differing only in F/B. If we ignore the difference in liability, /i/ and /u/ could be a potential alternating pair, but /u/ is practically prohibited in non-initial syllables, and /i/ occurs most of the time in verbal suffixes. An alternative analysis could be: o : e *u : (*)i.) |
; Hill Mari | ; Hill Mari | ||
: ɑ : æ, ĕ : ɘ̆ | *u : *y, *o : *ø (Rounded vowels are prohibited in non-initial syllables.) | : ɑ : æ, ĕ : ɘ̆ | *u : *y, *o : *ø (Rounded vowels are prohibited in non-initial syllables.) | ||
- | ; Meadow Mari F/B harmony | + | ; Meadow Mari |
- | | + | : **F/B harmony:** o : ø | *u : *y. **Rounding harmony:** e : ø | i : *y (Rounded vowels are prohibited in non-initial syllables except for when they occur as the result of rounding harmony. The given alternations occur only in word-final position, when the vowel alternates with an /ə̆/ in non-final position. As a consequence, |
; Udmurt | ; Udmurt | ||
: ɑ : æ, ĕ : ɘ̆ | *u : *y, o : *ø (All rounded vowels but /o/ are prohibited in non-initial syllables.) | : ɑ : æ, ĕ : ɘ̆ | *u : *y, o : *ø (All rounded vowels but /o/ are prohibited in non-initial syllables.) | ||
- | ; Hungarian F/B harmony | + | ; Hungarian |
- | | + | : **F/B harmony:** **ɑː : eː, ɒ : ɛ, o : ɛ,** u, y, uː, yː, o : ø, oː : øː. (The vowels /ɑː/ : /eː/ and /o/ : /ɛ/ are not potential alternating pairs because of their height difference. Although based on the similarity of the alternations /ɛ/ : /eː/ and /ɒ/ : /ɑː/ we could argue that /eː/ is phonetically low — or /ɛ/ is mid — it is unpreferable exactly because their different behavior in vowel harmony, that is /eː/ shows much more neutral characteristics — a tendency to avoid alternation, |
; Southern Mansi | ; Southern Mansi | ||
- | : Due to the lack of systematic | + | : Due to the lack of systematic |
; Southern Khanty | ; Southern Khanty | ||
- | : /i/ : [ɨ], /e/ : [ɘ], ɑ : æ, ĕ : ɘ̆ | *u : *y, *o : *ø, *ŏ : *ø̆ (The vowels /i/ and /e/ have no B phonemic counterparts, | + | : **/i/ : [ɨ], /e/ : [ɘ],** ɑ : æ, ĕ : ɘ̆ | *u : *y, *o : *ø, *ŏ : *ø̆ (The vowels /i/ and /e/ have no B phonemic counterparts, |
; Vakh/ | ; Vakh/ | ||
: i : ɨ, æ : ɑ, ĕ : ɘ̆, *o : *ø, *ŏ : *ø̆ | *u : *y. (It is noteworthy that although rounded vowels are prohibited in non-initial syllables in general, their occur and alternate in two suffixes: -/oɣ/ : -/øɣ/ ‘ABL’, -/ø̆ɣ/ : -/ŏɣ/ ‘1PL’ (the latter only in the Vakh, but not the Vasyugan dialect). In addition, a non-alternating /u/ occurs in the passive marker -/uj/-, which is always followed by back alternate of alternating vowels.) | : i : ɨ, æ : ɑ, ĕ : ɘ̆, *o : *ø, *ŏ : *ø̆ | *u : *y. (It is noteworthy that although rounded vowels are prohibited in non-initial syllables in general, their occur and alternate in two suffixes: -/oɣ/ : -/øɣ/ ‘ABL’, -/ø̆ɣ/ : -/ŏɣ/ ‘1PL’ (the latter only in the Vakh, but not the Vasyugan dialect). In addition, a non-alternating /u/ occurs in the passive marker -/uj/-, which is always followed by back alternate of alternating vowels.) | ||
- | ; Nganasan | + | ; Nganasan |
- | | + | : **Quasi-rounding harmony:** **i : ɑ, ɨ : ɑ, i : u̯ɑ, ɨ : u̯ɑ, i̯ɑ : ɑ,** i̯ɑ : u̯ɑ, i : y, ɨ : u | *o : ə (In general, /ɑ/ is in the harmonic class in which all other vowels are rounded, therefore it must be analysed as phonemically rounded. In addition to that, all of its actual alternations (and almost all of those of /u̯ɑ/) are non-potential, |
- | ; Kamas F/B harmony | + | ; Kamas |
- | | + | : **F/B harmony:** ɑ : e | i : ɨ, u : y, o : ø, *ĭ : *ɑ̆ (based on Klumpp 2016: 41: Reduced vowels occur in non-initial syllables, but the do not undergo F/B harmony and the only surface form is not identified with any of the reduced vowels in initial syllable. However, a proper notation should be ĭ : *ɑ̆ or *ĭ : ɑ̆.) |
2.inventories/2.2.counterparts/2.2.1.alternations.1628166667.txt.gz · Last modified: 2021-08-05 by 127.0.0.1