2.1. Size of vowel inventories

	Finn.	Seto	Er.	HMr	MMr	Ud.	Hun.	SMn	SKh	VKh	Nga.	Ka.
num.	8(+8)	10(+10)	5	10	9	10	9(+5)	?	12	13	10	10 (11?)

Finnish: i(ː), u(ː), y(ː), e(ː), o(ː), ø(ː), ɑ(ː), æ(ː)

Seto: i(ː), ɨ(ː), u(ː), y(ː), e(ː), ɘ(ː) o(ː), ø(ː), ɑ(ː), æ(ː)

Erzya: i, u, e, o, ɑ

Hill Mari: i, u, y, e, o, ø, ɑ, æ, ĕ, ɘ̆ ¹⁾

Meadow Mari: i, u, y, e, o, ø, ɑ, ə̆

Udmurt: i, u, y, e, o, ø, ɑ, æ, ĕ, ɘ̆

Hungarian: i(ː), u(ː), y(ː), eː, o(ː), ø(ː), ɑː, ɒ, ɛ

Southern Mansi: problematic

Southern Khanty: i, u, y, e, o, ø, ɑ, æ, ĕ, ɘ̆, ŏ, ø̆ (Vértes (1977: 158) also includes /ɨ/ and /ɘ/, however, these are just allophones of /i/ and /e/, respectively, mainly due to front/back harmony.)

Vakh/Vasyugan Khanty: i, ɨ, u, y, e, o, ø, ɑ, æ, ĕ, ɘ̆, ŏ, ø̆

Nganasan: i, ɨ, u, y, e, o, ə, ɑ, i̯ɑ, u̯ɑ (Diphthongs are included due to their behavior similar to that of simple vowels.)

Kamas: i, ɨ, u, y, e, o, ø, ɑ, ?æ, ĭ, ɑ̆ (Based on Klumpp 2016: 40. Reduced vowels /ĭ/ and /ɑ̆/ may occur only in initial syllables. In addition, Klumpp also mentions a reduced vowel /ə̆/ which can occur only in non-initial syllables. However, since /ə̆/ is in a complementary distribution both with /ĭ/ and /ɑ̆/, it seems to be reasonable to analyze all non-initial syllable reduced vowels as the allophones of /ĭ/ or /ɑ̆/.)

¹⁾

The symbols /ĕ/ and /ɘ̆/ are used when there is a F/B opposition, while /ə̆/ is used when there is no such.