F/B: front/back harmony
R|T: rounding, total harmony
—: not applicable

Meadow Mari

Rounding and F/B harmony: As there is an [e] : [ø] : [o] alternation in word-final position, but instead of these a vowel [ə̆] is attested when it occurs in non-word-final position, it is reasonable to analyse all these surface forms as the allophones of /ə̆/. Moreover, while stress falls on the last full vowel of the word form, vowels participating in the [e] : [ø] : [o] : [ə̆] alternation are never stressed, irrespective of their quality. As a consequence, it is reasonable to analyse this kind of alternation as an allophonic alternation of the phoneme /ə̆/ (regulated by two kinds of harmonies: rounding and F/B).

Southern Khanty

The vowels /i/ and /e/ have no B phonemic counterparts, but they alternate allophonically with [ɨ] and [ɘ], respectively. However, this alternation is optional, and back allophones can (and front allophones must) be followed by front vowels.

Kamas rounding harmony

The reduced vowel in a non-initial syllable, which does not undergo F/B harmony (and which can be identified with first syllable /ĭ/ or /ɑ̆/, possibly both, see 2.1.), undergoes total harmony after rounded vowels.